Great question. A few quick checks you can do without cutting into anything: mastic dries into a smooth, matte coating that hugs the metal, no seams or edges to peel. Tape, on the other hand, almost always shows a visible edge that starts curling or lifting first, especially at elbows and joints where it's been flexed. If your ductwork was installed or last serviced before the mid-2000s and hasn't been resealed, there's a good chance cloth tape was used, it was still common practice then, before mastic and UL 181-listed tapes became the standard. For any duct that's out of reach (behind walls, under the slab), the only way to know for sure, and to see how much air you're actually losing, is a duct blaster test. That's something our techs run as part of a full duct inspection. If you're not sure what's holding your system together, Fairfax Mechanical offers duct sealing and leakage testing in the Fairfax/Northern Virginia area, worth a look before your next heating or cooling season.